Note: where only the year is known, the event is listed last in the events for that year.
• 1095-1099 •
1100-1120 •
1121-1144 •
1145-1163 •
1164-1187 •
1188-1197 •
1198-1214 •
1215-1220 •
1221-1229 •
1230-1248 •
1249-1257 •
1258-1269 •
1270-1291 •
| Events in Outremer | Events in Europe | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1198 | Jan 8 | Pope Celestine III dies; Innocent III elected | |
| Feb 2 | German crusaders retreat from siege of Toron in the face of an advancing Egyptian army | ||
| Mar 6 | Philip Hohenstaufen of Swabia elected King of the Romans | ||
| May 17 | Frederick II crowned King of Sicily | ||
| Jul | Otto IV Welf captures Cologne and is elected King of the Romans, in rivalry with Philip Hohenstaufen | ||
| Aug 15 | Innocent III proclaims the Fourth Crusade | ||
| Sep | Richard defeats Philip at Gisors | ||
| Nov | Frederick II becomes a ward of Innocent III | ||
| Dec 12 | Averroes dies (72) | ||
| Ottokar I crowned King of Bohemia | |||
| 1199 | Jan 13 | Truce between Philip and Richard | |
| Apr 6 | Death of King Richard I of England | ||
| May 27 | John crowned King of England | ||
| First year of the English Chancery Rolls | |||
| Novgorod grants trading rights to German merchants | |||
| Innocent III taxes entire church for the Fourth Crusade, first such direct papal taxation | |||
| 1200 | Foundation of the Beguines at Liège | ||
| Royal charter for Paris University | |||
| Carmina Burana | |||
| 1201 | Apr | Venice agrees to provide transport for the Fourth Crusade | |
| Jul | Innocent recognizes Otto as King of the Romans | ||
| Foundation of Riga | |||
| 1202 | Mar 9 | Death of Sverre of Norway; succeeded by Haakon III | |
| Mar 30 | Joachim of Flora dies (70) | ||
| Nov 12 | Death of Cnut VI of Denmark; succeeded by his brother Waldemar II | ||
| Nov 15 | Crusaders capture Zara | ||
| Liber Abaci, by Leonardo Fibonacci of Pisa, the first Latin account of Arabic numerals | |||
| 1203 | Apr 3 | John allegedly murders Arthur of Brittany; most of John's vassals desert him | |
| Jul 17 | Crusaders enter Constantinople; Alexius III flees; Isaac II restored | ||
| Aug 1 | Crusaders install Alexius IV Angelus as emperor | ||
| Siena University founded | |||
| 1204 | Jan | Greeks riot and proclaim Nicholas Canabus emperor, and they murder Isaac II | |
| Jan 1 | Death of Haakon III of Norway; succeeded by Gottorm | ||
| Feb 8 | Alexius IV murdered and Canabus imprisoned; Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus becomes emperor | ||
| Mar 8 | Philip captures Château Gaillard | ||
| Apr 1 | Death of Eleanor of Aquitaine | ||
| Apr 12 | Crusaders capture and sack Constantinople; Alexius V flees | ||
| May | Alexius Comnenus seizes Trebizond and establishes a new Greek empire | ||
| May 16 | Baldwin, Count of Flanders, crowned as Latin Emperor | ||
| Jun 24 | Rouen falls to Philip, completing his conquest of Normandy | ||
| Aug | Gottorm of Norway dies; succeeded by Inge II | ||
| Sep | Al-Adil and Amalric of Jerusalem sign a six-year peace treaty | ||
| Oct | Greek Empire is partitioned by the Latins | ||
| Dec | Theodore Lascaris is defeated by Baldwin | ||
| Crusaders defeat Michael Ducas at Koundoura in Messenia, leading to the creation of the Frankish state of the Morea (southern Greece) | |||
| Sword Brothers founded by Bishop Albert of Riga | |||
| Death of Maimonides | |||
| 1205 | Jan 6 | Philip of Swabia crowned as King of the Romans | |
| Feb | Kalojan of Bulgaria attacks Adrianople | ||
| Mar | English barons refuse to fight for John in France | ||
| Apr 1 | Death of Amalric II; his widow, Isabella, rules in her own right until she dies the same year, then is succeeded by her daughter, Maria; Hugh I succeeds as King of Cyprus | ||
| Apr 14 | Kalojan defeats and captures Emperor Baldwin | ||
| Jun 1 | Death of Enrico Dandolo of Venice | ||
| Ladislas of Hungary deposed by Andrew II | |||
| Dominicans begin preaching to the Albigensians | |||
| Innocent III issues Vergentis in senium, by which heretics and their heirs are to be deprived of all their property and goods | |||
| Noyon Cathedral completed | |||
| 1206 | spring | Temujan hailed by the Mongols as Ghengiz Khan | |
| Jun | John campaigns against Philip in Poitou | ||
| Jul 27 | Philip of Swabia defeats Otto IV at Wassenburg | ||
| Aug | Kalojan destroys Adrianople | ||
| Aug 20 | Emperor Baldwin of Constantinople dies in captivity; succeeded by his brother Henry of Flanders; his daughter, Joanna, succeeds in Flanders | ||
| Oct 26 | John and Philip sign a 2-year treaty of peace | ||
| Dec | Stephen Langton becomes Archbishop of Canterbury, but King John refuses to recognize him | ||
| 1207 | Jan | Philip of Swabia takes Cologne | |
| Sep | Boniface of Montferrat, King of Thessalonica, is killed in an ambush by Bulgars | ||
| Oct 1 | Henry III of England is born | ||
| Oct 8 | Death of Kalojan, Emperor of Bulgaria | ||
| Nov 17 | King Philip II of France refuses to lead a crusade against the Albigensians | ||
| Venice takes Corfù | |||
| Marco Sanudo becomes Duke of the Archipelago | |||
| Pope Innocent confirms Ottokar as King of Bohemia | |||
| 1208 | Feb 24 | St. Francis has the vision that leads to his calling | |
| Mar 23 | Innocent lays England under interdict over the Stephen Langton affair | ||
| Apr | Theodore Lascaris crowned Greek Emperor at Nicaea | ||
| Jun 21 | Philip of Swabia murdered by an unhappy office-seeker | ||
| Jul 31 | The Latins defeat the Bulgars | ||
| Nov 11 | Otto IV elected King of the Romans | ||
| Nov 17 | Innocent appeals to the northern French nobility to attack the Albigensians | ||
| Choir of Lincoln Cathedral completed | |||
| Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, which includes the story of Amleth (=Hamlet) | |||
| 1209 | Jan 5 | Richard of Cornwall born | |
| Jun 17 | Raymond VI of Toulouse submits to the pope and is pardoned by a papal legate | ||
| Jul 22 | Sack of Béziers by the Albigensian crusaders | ||
| Aug 2 | John signs a peace treaty with William II of Scotland after a successful invasion of that country | ||
| Aug 15 | Albigensian Crusaders take Carcassonne | ||
| Oct | Welsh princes do homage to King John | ||
| Nov | John is excommunicated over the Langton affair | ||
| Philip completes the walls of Paris | |||
| Geoffrey of Villehardouin becomes Prince of Achaea (=Morea) | |||
| Thamar, Queen of Georgia, captures the city of Kars from the Turks | |||
| Cambridge University founded | |||
| 1210 | Jun | John invades Ireland | |
| Jul 17 | Sverker II defeated, killed and succeeded by Eric X, the first Swedish king to be annointed, by the Archbishop of Upsala | ||
| Oct 3 | John of Brienne becomes King of Jerusalem by virtue of his marriage to Maria | ||
| Nov | Otto IV attacks Apulia; Innocent excommunicates him and the German princes rebel | ||
| Herman von Salza obtains privileges for the Teutonic Knights | |||
| Waldemar of Denmark conquers Danzig | |||
| Reims Cathedral begun | |||
| Gottfried von Strassburg, Tristan und Isolde | |||
| Latin translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics | |||
| 1211 | Mar 27 | Death of Sancho I of Portugal; succeeded by his son Afonso II | |
| Mar 30 | Pope Innocent excommunicates Emperor Otto IV | ||
| May | John makes war on Llewelyn of Wales | ||
| Sep | German princes offer the crown to Frederick (II) | ||
| Oct 15 | Henry of Flanders defeats Theodore Lascaris and captures Pergamum | ||
| 1212 | Jan | Joanna of Flanders marries Ferrand of Portugal | |
| Jul 16 | Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa | ||
| Sep 26 | Frederick II recognizes Bohemia as an autonomous kingdom and Ottokar as its ruler | ||
| Nov 19 | Frederick and Philip ally against John and Otto | ||
| Dec 9 | Frederick crowned King of the Romans | ||
| Venetians occupy Crete | |||
| Death of Thamar the Great, Queen of Georgia; succeeded by her son George IV | |||
| Children's Crusade | |||
| Wolfram von Eschenbach, Parzival | |||
| Arnold of Lübeck, continuation of Helmold's Chronicle of the Slavs | |||
| 1213 | Apr 19 | Innocent proclaims Fifth Crusade and removes the indulgences for the Albigensian Crusade | |
| May 13 | John yields to Pope Innocent; he also gives England to the pope, then receives it back again as a papal fief | ||
| May 30 | English destroy a French fleet that is poised to invade England | ||
| Sep 12 | Battle of Muret; Simon de Montfort defeats Raymond of Toulouse and kills Raymond's ally Pedro II of Aragon (succeeded by his infant son James I; civil war ensues in Aragon) | ||
| Sep 28 | Magyar nobles kill Queen Gertrude of Hungary | ||
| Geoffroi de Villehardouin, Conquest of Constantinople | |||
| 1214 | Feb 15 | John invades France | |
| Jul 27 | Battle of Bouvines | ||
| Sep 18 | John makes a truce with Philip | ||
| Oct | Death of Alfonso VIII of Castile; succeeded by his child Henry I; civil war follows | ||
| Dec | Peace treaty between Theodore Lascaris and Henry of Flanders | ||
| Dec 4 | Death of William II the Lion of Scotland; succeeded by his son Alexander II | ||
| Frederick invests the Wittelsbachs with the Rhenish Palatinate | |||