Archbishops of Canterbury and Prince Archbishops of Mainz, Trier, Cologne, and Salzburg

 



Archbishop[ of Canterbury and Salzburg click here


Archbishop-Electors of
Mainz, Trier, and Cologne

Among the oldest Bishoprics, and Archbishoprics, in Germany, Mainz, Trier, and Cologne were all Roman cities -- their Latin names are given below -- which became Ecclesiastical States and then the Ecclesiastical Electors of the Holy Roman Empire. Their status as Electors was confirmed in the Golden Bull of the Emperor Charles IV in 1356. The three Archbishops all participated in the subsequent crowning of a new Emperor, as seen in the 1764 coronation of Joseph II at right, though they were really crowning him King of the Romans (originally King of the Eastern Franks). Only the Pope could crown the King as the actual Emperor of the Romans.

The secular power of the Archbishops was brought to an end by Napoleon in 1803. The cities themselves ended up within the borders of Napoleonic France. The last Elector of Mainz, Karl Theodor, was first transferred as a secular Elector to Regensburg and then, after Napoleon abolished the Empire (1806), to Frankfurt as a Grand Duke -- until Napoleon was defeated and Frankfurt became a Free City. Mainz, Trier, and Cologne were not restored to pre-Napoleonic Ecclesiastical rule or independence.
 

 

Archbishop-Electors:
 
Mainz,
Moguntiacum		 Trier,
Augusta
Treverorum		 Cologne,
Colonia Agrippina
Bonifatius Bishop,
722-754
Lullus 754-781 Richbold Archbishop,
c.791-804		 Hildebald Bishop,
787-794
Archbishop,
782-786		 Waso 804-809 Archbishop,
795-818
Riculf 787-813 Amalharius 809-814
Haistulf 813-826 Hetti 814-847 Hadebald 819-841?
Otgar 826-847
Hrabanus
Maurus		 847-856 Dietgald 847-863,
d.868		 Gunther 850-864,
d.871
Charles of
Aquitaine		 856-863
Ludbert 863-889 Bertulf 869-883 Willibert 870-888
Sunderold 889-891 Ratbod 883-915 Hermann I 889-924
Hatto I 891-913
Heriger 913-927 Ruotbert 931-956
Hildebert 927-937 Wikfried 924-953
Friedrich 937-954
Wilhelm 954-968 Heinrich I 956-964 Brun I 953-965
Hatto II 968-970 Dietrich I 965-977 Folkmar 966-969
Rupert 970-975 Gero 969-976
Willigis 975-1011 Egbert 977-993 Warin 976-985
Liudolf 994-1008 Everger 985-999
Erkenbald 1011-1021 Megingaud 1008-1015 Heribert 999-1021
Aribo 1021-1031 Poppo 1016-1047 Pilgrim 1021-1036
Bardo 1031-1051 Hermann II 1036-1056
Luitpold 1051-1059 Eberhard 1047-1066 Anno II 1056-1075
Siegfried of
Eppenstein		 1060-1084 Kuno I 1066
Udo of
Nellenburg		 1066-1078 Hildolf 1076-1078
Wezelin 1084-1088 Egilbert 1079-1101 Sigewin 1079-1089
Ruthard 1089-1109 Hermann III
of Hochstaden		 1089-1099
Adalbert I of
Saarbrücken		 1110-1137 Bruno of
Brettheim		 1102-1124 Friedrich I of
Schwarzenberg		 1100-1131
Gottfried 1124-1127,
d.1128
Meginher 1127-1130 Brun/Bruno II
of Berg		 1131-1137
Adalbert II of
Saarbrücken		 1138-1141 Alberto of
Montreuil		 1131-1152 Hugo of
Sponheim		 1137
Markulf 1141-1142 Arnold I 1138-1151
Heinrich I 1142-1153
Arnold of
Seelenhofen		 1153-1160 Hillin of
Fallemaigne		 1152-1169 Arnold II
of Wied		 1151-1156
Konrad I of
Wittelsbach		 1161-1165,
1183-1200		 Arnold I 1169-1183 Friedrich II
of Altena		 1156-1158
Rainald
of Dassel		 1159-1167
Philipp
of Heinsberg		 1167-1191
Christian I
of Buch		 1165-1183 Johann I 1190-1212 Brun III
of Berg		 1191-1193,
d.1196/1200
Siegfried II
of Eppenstein		 1200-1230 Dietrich II
of Weid		 1212-1242 Adolf I
of Altena		 1193-1205,
1212-1216,
d.1220
Brun IV
of Sayn		 1205-1208
Dietrich I
of Hengeberg		 1208-1212,
d.1224?
Engelbert I
the Holy
of Berg		 1216-1225
Siegfried III
of Eppenstein		 1230-1249 Arnold II
of Isenburg		 Elector,
1242-1259		 Heinrich I
of Molenark		 1225-1238
Christian II
of Weisenau		 1249-1251,
d.1253		 Konrad of
Hochstaden		 Elector,
1238-1261
Gerhard I
Wildgraf		 Elector,
1251-1259
Werner of
Eppenstein		 1259-1284 Heinrich II 1260-1286 Engelbert II
of Falkenberg		 1261-1274
Heinrich II 1286-1288 Boemund of
Warnesberg		 1289-1299 Siegfried of
Westerburg		 1275-1297
Gerhard II
of Eppenstein		 1289-1305 Dieter of
Nassau		 1300-1307 Wikbold
of Holte		 1297-1304
Peter of
Aspelt		 1306-1320 Balduin of
Luxemburg		 1307-1354 Heinrich II
of Virneburg		 1306-1332
Matthias
of Bucheck		 1321-1328
Heinrich III
of Virneburg		 1328-1346,
d.1353		 Walram
of Jülich		 1332-1349
Gerlach of
 Nassau		 1346-1371 Boemund of
Saarbrücken		 1354-1362,
d.1367		 Wilhelm 1349-1362
Golden Bull, 1356
Johann I
of Luxemburg		 1371-1373 Kuno II of
Falkenstein		 1362-1388 Adolf II
of Mark		 1363-1364
Ludwig of
Meißen		 1374-1381,
1382		 Engelbert III
of Mark		 1364-1369
Adolf I of
Nassau		 1381-1390 Friedrich III
of Saarwerden		 1370-1414
Konrad II
of Weinsberg		 1391-1396 Werner of
Falkenstein		 1388-1418
Johann II
of Nassau		 1397-1419
Konrad III,
Wild- and
Rheingraf of
Daun		 1419-1434 Otto of
Ziegenhain		 1418-1430 Dietrich II
of Moers		 1414-1463
Dietrich
of Erbach		 1434-1459 Ulrich of
Manderscheid		 1430-1436
Hrabanus of
Helmstadt		 1436-1439
Jakob I
of Sirk		 1439-1456
Dieter of
Isenburg		 1459-1461,
1475-1482		 Johann II
of Baden		 1456-1503 Ruprecht of
the Palatine		 1463-1480
Adolf II
of Nassau		 1461-1475
Albrecht I
of Saxony
 		 1482-1484
Bertold of
Henneberg-
Römhold		 1484-1504 Hermann IV
of Hesse		 1480-1508
Jakob of
Liebenstein		 1504-1508 Jakob II
of Baden		 1503-1511 Philipp of
Daun-Oberstein		 1508-1515
Uriel of
Gemmingen		 1508-1514
Albrecht II of
Brandenburg		 1514-1545 Richard of
Greiffenklau		 1511-1531 Hermann V
of Wied		 1515-1547,
d.1552
Johann III of
Metzenhausen		 1531-1540
Johann IV
Ludwig
of Hagen		 1540-1547
Sebastian of
Heusenstamm		 1545-1555 Johann V
of Isenburg		 1547-1556 Adolf III of
Schauenburg		 1546-1556
Daniel Brendel
of Homburg		 1555-1582 Johann VI
of Leyen		 1556-1567 Anton of
Schauenburg		 1556-1558
Johann
Gebhard I of Mansfeld		 1558-1562
Friedrich IV of Wied 1562-1567,
d.1568
Salentin
of Isenburg		 1567-1577,
d.1610
Jabob III
of Eltz		 1567-1581 Gebhard II
Truschseß
of Waldburg		 1577-1583,
d.1601
Wolfgang
of Dalberg		 1582-1601 Johann VII
of Schönenberg		 1581-1599 Ernst of
Bavaria		 1583-1612
Johann Adam
of Bicken		 1601-1604 Lothar of
Metternich		 1599-1623
Johann
Schweickart
of Cronberg		 1604-1626 Ferdinand
of Bavaria		 1612-1650
Georg
Friedrich of
Greiffenklau		 1626-1629 Philipp
Christoph
of Soetern		 1623-1652
Anselm Kasimir
Wamboldt		 1629-1647
Johann Phlipp
of Schönborn		 1647-1673 Karl Kaspar
of Leyen		 1652-1676 Max Heinrich
of Bavaria		 1650-1688
Lothar Friedrich
of Metternich		 1673-1675
Damian of
Leyen		 1675-1678 Johann VIII
Hugo of
Orsbeck		 1676-1711
Karl Heinrich
of Metternich		 1679
Anselm Franz
of Ingelheim		 1679-1695 Joseph Clemens
of Bavaria		 1688-1723
Lothar Franz
of Schönborn		 1695-1729 Karl Joseph
of Lorraine		 1711-1715
Franz Ludwig
of Neuburg
on Rhein		 1716-1729,
d.1732
Franz Ludwig
of Neuburg
on Rhein		 1729-1732 Franz Georg
on Schönborn		 1729-1756 Clemens August
of Bavaria		 1723-1761
Philipp Karl
of Eltz		 1732-1743
Johann Friedrich
Karl of Ostein		 1743-1763 Johann IX
Philipp of
Walderdorf		 1756-1768
Emmerich Josef
of Breidbach		 1763-1774 Klemens
Wenzeslaus
of Saxony		 1768-1802,
d.1812		 Maximilian
Friedrich of
Köngiseck-
Rothenfels		 1761-1784
Friedrich Karl
Josef of Erthal		 1774-1802 Max Franz
of Austria		 1784-1801
Karl Theodor
of Dalberg		 1802-1803 Secularized, 1803 Secularized, 1803
Secularized,
1803
Regensburg,
1803-1810
Grand Duke
of Frankfurt,
1810-1813,
d.1817

The lists of all the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier, and Cologne are taken from the Regentenlisten und Stammtafeln zur Geschichte Europas, by Michael F. Feldkamp [Philipp Reclam, Stuttgart, 2002, pp. 295-306 & 348-352]. I have not seen these given anywhere else.
 

Archbishops of Canterbury
and Salzburg

Archbishops of Canterbury,
Roman Durovernum
1 St. Augustine 597-605
2 Laurentius 605-619
3 Mellitus 619-624
4 Justus 624-627
5 Honorius 627-653
6 Deusdedit 655-664
7 Theodore of Tarsus 668-690
8 Berhtuald/ Berctwald 693-731
9 Taetwine/ Tatwin 731-734
10 Nothelm 734-740
11 Cuthbert 740-758
12 Breogwine 759-762
13 Jaenberht 763-790
14 Aethelheard 790-803
15 Wulfred 803-829
16 Fleogild 829-830
17 Ceolnoth 830-870
18 Aethelred 870-889
19 Plegemund 891-923
20 Aethelm 923-925
21 Wulfelm 928-941
22 Odo 941-958
23 Aelsine 958-959
24 Dunstan 959-988
25 Aethelgar 988-989
26 Sigeric 990-994
27 Aefric 995-1005
28 Alphege 1006-1012
29 Lyfing 1013-1020
30 Aethelnoth 1020-1038
31 Eadsige 1038-1050
32 Robert of Jumièges 1051-1052
33 Stigand 1052-1070
34 Lanfranc 1070-1089
35 St. Anselm 1093-1109
36 Ralph de Turbine 1114-1122
37 William de Corbeuil 1123-1136
38 Theobald 1139-1161
39 St. Thomas Becket 1162-1170
40 Richard 1174-1184
41 Baldwin 1185-1190
42 Reginald Fitz-Jocelin 1191
43 Hubert Walter 1193-1205
44 Stephen Langton 1207-1228
45 Richard Wethershed 1229-1231
46 Edmund Rich (de Abbendon) 1233-1240
47 Boniface of Savoy 1240-1270
48 Robert Kilwardby 1273-1278
49 John Peckham 1279-1292
50 Robert Winchelsea 1293-1313
51 Walter Reynolds 1313-1372
52 Simon de Meopham 1327-1333
53 John Stratford 133-1348
54 John de Ufford 1348-1349
55 Thomas Bradwardin 1349
56 Simon Islip 1349-1366
57 Simon Langham 1366-1368
58 William Wittlesey 1368-1374
59 Simon Sudbury 1375-1381
60 William Courtenay 1381-1396
61 Thomas Arundel 1396-1414
62 Henry Chicheley 1414-1443
63 John Stafford 1443-1452
64 John Kemp 1452-1454
65 Thomas Bourchier 1454-1486
66 John Morton 1486-1500
67 Henry Deane 1501-1503
68 William Warham 1503-1532
69 Thomas Cranmer 1533-1556
executed by Queen Mary
70 Reginald Pole 1556-1558
71 Matthew Parker 1559-1575
72 Edmund Grindal 1575-1583
73 John Whitgift 1583-1604
73 Richard Bancroft 1604-1610
73 George Abbot 1611-1633
76 William Laud 1633-1645
vacant, 1645-1660
77 William Juxon 1660-1663
78 Gilbert Sheldon 1663-1677
79 William Sancroft 1678-1691
80 John Tillotson 1691-1694
81 Thomas Tenison 1694-1715
82 William Wake 1716-1737
83 John Potter 1737-1747
84 Thomas Herring 1747-1757
85 Matthew Hutton 1757-1758
86 Thomas Ecker 1758-1768
87 Frederick Cornwallis 1768-1783
88 John Moore 1783-1805
89 Charles Manners-Sutton 1805-1828
90 William Howley 1828-1848
91 John Bird Sumner 1848-1862
92 Charles Thomas Longley 1862-1868
93 Archibald Campbell Tait 1868-1882
94 Edward White Benson 1882-1896
95 Frederick Temple 1896-1902
96 Randall Davidson 1903-1928
97 Cosmo Gordon Lang 1928-1942
98 William Temple 1942-1944
99 Geoffrey Francis Fisher 1945-1961
100 Arthur Michael Ramsey 1961-1974
101 Frederick Donald Coggan 1974-1980
102 Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie 1980-1991
103 George Leonard Carey 1991-2002
104 Rowan Douglas Williams 2002-present
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the Primate of England. His seat is at Canterbury because this was the capital of the Kingdom of Kent, an obvious place for St. Augustine, who was sent in 596 by Pope Gregory (I) the Great (590-604), to seek royal favor, from King (later St.) Æthelbert I, for his mission. The early Archbishops, down to Taetwine (Tatwin) are given by the Venerable Bede (673-735) in his History of the English Church and People (731). The first part of this is still well in the Dark Ages, but it is already not too long before the time of Bede himself.

Several Archbishops are particularly noteworthy. St. Anselm was one of the most important philosophers of

Archbishops of Salzburg,
Roman Iuvavum
Arno Bishop,
785-798
Archbishop,
798-821
Adalram 821-836
Liutpram 836-859
Adalwin 859-873
Adalbert I 873-874
Dietmar I 874-907
Pilgrim I 907-923
Adalbert II 923-935
Egilolf 935-939
Herold of
Scheyern		 939-958,
d.984
Friedrich I 958-991
Hartwig 991-1023
Gunther of
Meißen		 1024-1025
Dietmar II 1025-1041
Balduin 1041-1060
Gebhard 1060-1088
Thiemo of
Medling		 1090-1101
Konrad I 1106-1147
Eberhard I 1147-1164
Konrad II
of Austria		 1164-1168
Adalbert III 1168-1177,
1183-1200
Konrad III
of Wittelsbach		 1177-1183,
d.1200
Eberhard II
of Regensburg		 1200-1246
Burkard of
Ziegenhain		 1247
Philipp of
Carinthia		 1247-1256
Ulrich 1257-1265,
d.1268
Ladislaus of
Schlesien		 1265-1270
Friedrich II
of Walchen		 1273-1284
Rudolf of
Hoheneck		 1284-1290
Konrad IV
of Fohnsdorf-
Praitenfurt		 1291-1312
Weichard of
Polheim		 1312-1315
Friedrich III
of Leibnitz		 1316-1338
Heinrich of
Piernbrunn		 1338-1343
Ortolf of
Weißeneck		 1343-1365
Pilgrim II
of Puchheim		 1366-1396
Georg I Schenk
of Osterwitz		 1396-1403
Eberhard III
of Neuhaus		 1403-1427
Eberhard IV
of Starhemberg		 1427-1429
Johannes of
Reichenberg		 1429-1441
Friedrich IV
of Emmerberg		 1441-1452
Sigismund I
of Volkersdorf		 1452-1461
Burkard of
Weißbriach		 1462-1466
Bernhard
of Rohr		 1466-1482,
d.1487
Johannes
Beckenschlager		 Coadjutor,
1482-1487
Archbishop,
1487-1489
Friederich V
of Schaumburg		 1490-1494
Sigismund II
of Holneck		 1494-1495
Leonhard of
Keutschach		 1495-1519
Matthäus Lang
of Wellenburg		 Coadjutor,
1512-1519
Archbishop,
1519-1540
Ernst of
Bavaria		 1540-1554,
d.1560
Michael of
Kuenberg		 1554-1560
Johannes Jakob
of Kuen-Belasy		 1561-1586
Georg II
of Kuenberg		 Coadjutor,
1580-1586
Archbishop,
1586-1587
Wolf Dietrich
of Raittenau		 1587-1612,
d.1617
Marcus Sitticus
of Hohenems		 1612-1619
Paris of
Lodron		 1621-1653
Guidobald
of Thun		 1654-1668
Max Gandolf
of Kuenberg		 1668-1687
Johann Ernst
of Thun		 1687-1709
Franz Anton
of Harrach		 1709-1727
Leopold Anton
of Firmian		 1727-1744
Jakob Ernst of
Liechtenstein		 1745-1747
Andreas Jakob of
Dietrichstein		 1749-1753
Sigmund Christoph
of Schrattenbach		 1753-1771
Hieronymous Joseph
Franz of Colloredo-
Waldsee		 Archbishop,
Landesherr,
1772-1803,
d.1812
Ferdinand,
III of Tuscany		 Duke of
Tuscany,
1790-1801,
1814-1824
Elector of
Salzburg,
1803-1806
Elector of
Würzburg,
1806
Grand Duke
of Würzburg,
1806-1814
the 12th century, responsible for the "ontological argument" for the existence of God which would bedevil subsequent thinkers. He was himself a Lombard who had entered a monastery in Normandy. As Archbishop, he was involved in the particular political dispute of his time, trying to strip secular rulers, in this case the Kings of England, of their powers to designate bishops of the Church. In Germany, this occurred as the formidable and epic Investiture Controversy (1076-1122). Things got so hot that Anselm spent some years in exile (1097-1100, 1103-1107).

Soon after Anselm came Thomas à Becket, who had been a friend and official of King Henry II but after becoming Archbishop entered into further attempts to limit secular authority, in this case in defense of clerics accused of crimes. Since the crimes were sometimes things like murder and rape, for which Becket's ecclesiastical courts often only handed down nominal punishments, it is understandable that Henry took exception to clerical immunity to secular prosecution. A careless wish expressed by Henry resulted in Becket's murder. While Becket was immediately canonized and enthusiastically venerated, he was not a selfless advocate for justice, but a rather foolish champion of clerical privilege who seems to have almost been eager to provoke his own martyrdom. He did succeed, and long afterwards inspired rather good books, plays, and movies of the business. Although some of these make Becket out to have been a Saxon, defending native Englishmen against Norman rulers like Henry, he was actually just as much a Norman himself.

After many centuries, Thomas Cranmer was the first Protestant Archbishop, helping King Henry VIII to break the Church of England away from Rome, seize monastic properties, etc. This earned him arrest by the subsequent Catholic Queen Mary. Tortured into confessing to heresy, Cranmer was going to be burned at the stake nevertheless. At the event, he recanted his confessions and thrust his own hand into the flames for signing the coerced documents, saying, "This hath offended; oh, this unworthy hand!"

The See stood empty during the Civil War (1640-1649), Commonwealth (1649-1653), and the Protectorate (1653-1660) of the Cromwells but has had to endure little in the way of such political trials since.

 

Salzburg was a very large ecclesiastical state. Its principal claim to fame may be as the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1736-1791). Apart from European tours, Mozart lived in Salzburg and worked for the Archbishop (who has been described as "strict and unkind") until 1781. At this time, of course, composers could be treated as feudal retainers not much above the status of footmen. Mozart then died in poverty and was buried in an anonymous pauper's grave in Vienna.

Another minor claim to fame for Salzburg may be that the location shots for the 1965 movie The Sound of Music were in or near the city. For people who have not visited the area, the movie contains the images of the Alps that they probably retain.

Eventually Salzburg fell to Napoleon's rearrangements of Europe. In 1803 it was made an Imperial Electorate for the deposed Hapsburg Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand III. When Napoleon gave the city to Austria in 1806, Ferdinand was moved to Würzburg, which became a Grand Duchy when Napoleon abolished the Empire in the same year. In 1809 Napoleon took Salzburg from Austria and gave it to a better ally, Bavaria; but then Austria got it back at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1815 it has remained part of Austria. Ferdinand returned to Tuscany.

The list of the Archbishops of Salzburg are taken from the Regentenlisten und Stammtafeln zur Geschichte Europas, by Michael F. Feldkamp [Philipp Reclam, Stuttgart, 2002, pp. 295-306 & 348-352]. I have not seen these given anywhere else.
 

 

Copyright (c) 2004, 2005 Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D. All Rights Reserved
 

share this page with a friend